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w were infected with an infectious 84 as if they mucous membranes: the membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals. a measure used to decrease disease. spread of pathogens and disease by destroying 85 6. sterilization; all microorganisms, including those that form multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROS): microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resis- tant to one or more antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatment. infections. If you forget to report a resident's symptoms before leaving the facility, by the time you return, the infection might have traveled into the bloodstream and become systemic. Always report the following signs and symptoms right spores. completely surgical asepsis: the state of being o free of microorganisms; also called sterile infection that is in the technique. bloodstream and is spread throughout the body transmission: the way and means by which di vaccine: a product that is administered that is VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus): away. systemic infection: an capable of being spread from one person to another. Signs and symptoms of a localized infection include the following: non-communicable disease: a disease not causing general symptoms. OR Redness sions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgi- cal incisions, or boils. OR Swelling non-intact skin: skin that is broken by abra- ease is spread. O/R Pain specific disease Fig. 6-1. Microorganisms are always present in the environment. They are on almost everything a person used to produce immunity to a O/R Heat touches. OR Drainage (fluid from a wound or cavity) bacteria (enterococci) that have developed resis. normal flora: microorganisms that normally in a healthy person, as long as the flora remain in that particular location. There are two main types of infections, localized and systemic. A localized infection is limited to a specific location in the body. It has local symptoms, which are near the site of infection. For example, if the eye becomes infected, the area around it might be red, swollen, painful, and warm to the touch. A systemic infection OCcurs when pathogens enter the bloodstream throughout the body. It causes gen- live in and on the body and do not cause harm tance to the antibiotic vancomycin. Signs and symptoms of a systemic infection include the following: Occupational Safety and Health Adminis- tration (OSHA): a federal government agency that makes and enforces rules to protect workers from hazards on the job. OR Fever 2. Define infection prevention and discus O/R Chills types of infections Individuals and communities strive to maintain clean conditions in order to help prevent the spread of disease. This is known ass In care facilities, infection prevention is the set of methods used to prevent and control the spread of disease. Infection prevention is the re sponsibility of all care team members. Nursing assistants must know and follow their facility's policies relating to infection prevention; these policies help protect staff members, residents, O/R Headache pathogens: microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease. OR Change in other vital signs OR Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and move eral symptoms, such as fever, chills, or mental confusion. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is an example of a systemic infection. There is more information about AIDS later in sanitation OR Mental confusion perineal care; care of the genitals and a--- area. personal protective equipment (PPE): equip- ment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards. An infectious disease is a disease caused by a pathogen. The pathogen will cause an infection if conditions are right. Pathogens grow best in warm, dark, and moist places where food is pres- this chapter and in Chapter 24. A special type of infection that can be localized or systemic is a healthcare-associated infec- tion (HAI), A healthcare-associated infection is an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. Healthcare settings include long-term care facilities, hospi- tals, ambulatory care settings, and home care. HAIS can be mild or life-threatening. ent, and in hosts who have low resistance. Re- reinfection: being infected again with the same pathogen. sistance is the body's ability to prevent infection and disease. There are two types of infectious diseases: communicable and non-communicable. visitors, and others from disease. resistance: the body's ability to prevent infec- A microorganism (MO) is a living thing or organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope. It is also called a microbe A communicable disease is an infectious dis- tion and disease. ease. It is transmitted by direct contact with the infected person or his secretions, or indirectly, by touching objects contaminated by the in- fected person. An example of a communicable disease is influenza. A'contagious disease is a type of communicable disease that spreads quickly from person to person. Measles is an ex- ample of a contagious disease. A non-communi- cable disease is a disease not capable of being sanitation: ways individuals and communities maintain clean, hygienic conditions that help prevent disease, such as the disposal of sewage and solid waste. Microorganisms are always present in the vironment (Fig. 6-1). Infections are caused by pathogens, which are harmful microorganisms For infections to develop, pathogens must invade and grow within the human body. Observing and Reporting: Infection Standard Precautions: a method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, non- intact skin, and mucous membranes are treated Signs and symptoms of infection must be report- ed to the nurse promptly. Not reporting imme- diately can put residents at risk for more serious Infection Prevention the Infection Prevention

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